Our
History
I think that the arts are the soul of our nation. I felt that the arts had almost become an endangered species and I realized, especially with young people, that YoungArts will ensure the future of our soul.
Four decades ago, Ted and Lin Arison’s vision and passion for artists planted the seed for what we know today as YoungArts. Beginning as an artistic competition and expanding to include a range of opportunities for funding, creative support and professional development, YoungArts’ evolution continues to be driven by artists.
Our story begins with President Jimmy Carter’s Executive Order.
In 1979, President Carter expands the United States Presidential Scholars Program to honor up to 20 students who demonstrate excellence in the visual, creative and performing arts through an artistic competition. For two years, the Arts Recognition and Talent Search (ARTS) is conducted by the Educational Testing Service (ETS in Princeton, NJ) for the U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts.
In 1981, the ARTS competition is formally transferred from ETS to the National Foundation for the Advancement of the Arts (NFAA), a non-profit organization founded by Ted and Lin Arison.
Today known as YoungArts, we have served more than 20,0000 artists across the country. Learn more about our impact.
1980s
Notable Winners
Terence Blanchard, Classical Music
John McNamara, Writing
Notable Winners
Denyce Graves, Voice
Wendell Pierce*, Theater
Vanessa Williams, Theater
Sharon Yamada, Classical Music
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
National Foundation for Advancement in the Arts (NFAA), known today as YoungArts, is incorporated as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization by Ted and Lin Arison, who see the need for a single organization to identify, encourage and award emerging talent in all art forms.
Explore the First ARTS Competition held in Miami
132 finalists chosen from more than 4,300 applicants in Dance, Music, Theater, Visual Arts and Writing share their work at the first ARTS competition held in Miami.
For the first time in my life I was surrounded by people who were as thrilled about music as I was, who face the same problems and challenges that I do, and who think about life the way I do.
Notable Winners
Manuel Acevedo, Photography
Robert Hurst*, Jazz
Rachel Moore*, Dance
John Ridley, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
NFAA becomes the sole nominating organization for U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts.
The ARTS Scholarship Program, an initiative to connect award winners with postsecondary educational institutions, debuts with more than 100 participating colleges and conservatories who collectively earmark more than $3 million in scholarships and awards annually for ARTS award winners. Today the program continues as the Student List Service, and includes Pratt Institute, Manhattan School of Music, Columbia and many more.
Explore the First YoungArts Gala
The ARTS competition culminates with the first gala in the organization’s history, Affair of the Arts. More than 800 guests attend at the newly opened James L. Knight International Center in Downtown Miami.
Five YoungArts award winners, including visual artist Kevin Berlin, participate in Christo and Jeanne-Claude’s Surrounded Islands in Biscayne Bay.
Events for young artists are held at Lincoln Center (New York, NY), The Music Center in Los Angeles (Los Angeles, CA), Aspen Music Festival (Aspen, CO) and Gusman Cultural Center (Miami, FL) to inform potential applicants, parents and teachers about NFAA. Special guests include composer and lyricist Stephen Sondheim, American Ballet member Fernando Bujones and actress Ally Sheedy.
It’s an affirmation that you were right. Whether it was singing or dancing or acting, you knew that you were good enough to get there and people recognized it.
Notable Winners
Viola Davis, Theater
Nicole Eisenman, Visual Arts
Ron Eldard, Theater
Elizabeth Kostova, Writing
Lauren Greenfield, Photography
David Lipsky, Writing
Explore U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
As recipients of one of the highest honors for high school students in the arts, the 1984 U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts were invited to Washington, D.C. for several days of recognition activities, including the opportunity to showcase their work in an exhibition and performance at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts.
Notable Winners
Jonathan Adler, Visual Arts
Doug Blush, Film
Liam Harney*, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
My grandfather was actually an aspiring concert pianist, born and raised in Tel Aviv. He did not find the support to pursue a career in the arts. The response was, ‘Go get a real job.’ He did. He came to the States and when he reached a point where he was able to give back, he looked at my grandmother and said, ‘I never want another young, aspiring, talented artist to go through what I went through. I want them to have all the resources they need to pursue an education and a career in the arts.’
Award winners in Dance participate in the Carlisle Project, an initiative for ballet and choreography training by Pennsylvania Ballet Company founder Barbara Weisberger.
Notable Winners
Eric Bean, Photography
David Costabile, Theater
Vince Gilligan, Visual Arts
Allegra Goodman*, Writing
Michael McElroy, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
ARTS competition theater awardees are sponsored at the Midsummer in Oxford residency.
The Charles Cinnamon Awards are funded with a $15,000 gift from PROPS, an organization of professional women in the arts, to assist past ARTS competition awardees in career-entry projects. Funding opportunities for award winners in all career stages continue today as emergency and creative microgrants.
Explore ARTSfest
In 1985, ARTSfests launched in select locations around the country to provide classes, mentorship and performance opportunities for award winners. ARTSfest at Sea II took place in July, 1986 aboard the MS Jubilee. ARTSfest at Sea was made possible through a donation from Carnival Cruise Line.
New World Symphony (NWS) is established by NFAA trustee and conductor Michael Tilson Thomas as a training orchestra for young conservatory graduates with the support of Ted Arison under NFAA. NWS becomes a separate, but affiliated organization in 1987.
Notable Winners
Doug Aitken, Visual Arts
Anna Gunn, Theater
Sam Lipsyte*, Writing
Philip Neal*, Dance
Desmond Richardson*, Dance
Sheryl Staples, Classical Music
Steven Tannen, Theater
Anthony Wilson, Jazz
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
It changed me completely. It was an amazing experience and it still is with me.
Notable Winners
Dave Eggar*, Classical Music
Joel Fan*, Classical Music
Jenji Kohan, Writing
Laurence Mason, Theater
Eileen Moon, Classical Music
Billy Porter, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
Watch an Ad for the 1988 National Competition
Notable Winners
Raul Esparza, Theater
Joseph Gramley*, Classical Music
Roy Hargrove, Jazz
Richard Hawley*, Classical Music
Thomas Lennon, Theater
Brad Mehldau, Jazz
Eric Owens, Voice
Donna Lynne Champlin*, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
Notable Winners
Katie Finneran, Theater
Ricardo Morales-Matos*, Classical Music
Chris Potter, Jazz
Lamman Rucker, Theater
Hynden Walch*, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
1990s
A career in the arts is a hard road to follow. YoungArts gave me the early recognition and validation that is so important for your confidence and trust in yourself. The experience lets you know that if I can do this, I can do anything… [it] gives you the confidence to do what you need to do to advance your career, and go somewhere you can engage with other artists and give yourself the certainty that this is a community that I want to be invested in.
Notable Winners
Sarah Shun-Lien Bynum*, Writing
Christopher Castellani, Writing
Dennis McNicholas, Writing, Visual Arts
Jean Shin*, Visual Arts
Jason Vieaux, Classical Music
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Explore 1990 ARTS Week
NFAA partners with the International Association of Jazz Educators and adds Jazz—in addition to Dance, Music, Theater, Visual Arts, Writing—as a sixth and separate discipline in the YoungArts program.
Notable Winners
Keiko Agena, Theater
Deirdre Chapman, Dance
Michael Loveland, Visual Arts
Matthew Rushing*, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Watch CNN's report on the state of the arts featuring 1992 award winners
Notable Winners
Teodross Avery, Jazz
Lisa Kim*, Classical Music
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Fifteen years later, I am as excited about acting as I was during [National YoungArtsWeek]…I owe so much to [YoungArts] for seeing that spark of talent in me and encouraging me to keep developing my craft.
Notable Winners
Jay Franke, Dance
Aisha Hinds, Theater
Jason Moran, Jazz
Sarah Paulson, Theater
Photography and Jazz become independent disciplines, separated from Visual Arts and Music, respectively.
Notable Winners
Naomi Fisher, Visual Arts
Anna Fricke*, Writing
Adrian Grenier, Theater
Don Hertzfeldt, Film
Jennifer Koh*, Classical Music
Jennifer 8. Lee, Writing
Erik Liberman, Theater
Linda Celeste Sims, Dance
Corey Stoll, Theater
Kerry Washington, Theater
Mario Alberto Zambrano*, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Notable Winners
Corrine May Botz*, Photography
Lisa Joy, Writing
Steven Pasquale, Theater
Kehinde Wiley, Visual Arts
Hernan Bas, Photography, Visual Arts
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Voice becomes an independent discipline.
Watch Claire Chases's ARTS Week Performance
Notable Winners
Matt Bomer, Theater
Claire Chase*, Classical Music
Mandy Gonzalez, Voice
Gillian Murphy, Dance
Victor Quinaz, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Overjoyed! I have never experienced such a caring environment that was so nurturing and inspiring… I am grateful for all of NFAA’s support. This experience has encouraged me to continue pursuing the arts and striving for excellence.
Notable Winners
Kenyon Adams*, Theater
Camille A. Brown*, Dance
Craig Hall, Dance
Adam Jacobs, Theater
Andrew Rannells, Theater
Frank Rosenwein, Classical Music
Zuzanna Szadkowski*, Theater
Michael Benjamin Washington*, Theater
Tony Yazbeck, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Notable Winners
Caroline Campbell, Classical Music
Bryan Terrell Clark, Theater
Tamar Davis*, Voice
Kelcy Griffin, Theater
Sarah Lamb*, Dance
Michael Urie, Theater
Clifford Williams, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Notable Winners
Daniel Arsham, Visual Arts
Nicholas Britell, Classical Music
Brandon Victor Dixon, Theater
Catherine Foster, Dance
Ethan Lader, Film
Tarell Alvin McCraney, Theater
Rory O’Malley, Theater
Amanda Seales, Theater
Sean Suozzi, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
[YoungArts] made me realize that I’d limited myself too quickly, that it was okay to believe in this pursuit of art.
2000s
Notable Winners
Peter Buttigieg, Photography
Alina Dronova, Dance
Santino Fontana*, Theater, Voice
Alan Hampton, Jazz
Leslie Jamison, Writing
Taran Killam, Theater
Patricia Lockwood, Writing
Nicki Minaj, Theater
Jared Padalecki, Theater
Elizabeth Roe, Classical Music
D. Watts, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
The Film & Video discipline, once known as Cinematic Arts and now Film, is added.
Notable Winners
Mayte Natalio, Dance
Marco Ramirez*, Writing
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Watch highlights from 2002 ARTS Week
Notable Winners
Antonio Campos*, Film
Gerald Clayton*, Jazz
Kirven Douthit-Boyd, Dance
Judith Hill, Voice
Sarah Lane*, Dance
Nicole Beharie, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
It was then [at National YoungArts Week] that I really started to believe in myself. I became an Artist.
Notable Winners
Lia Cirio, Dance
Shamel Pitts, Dance
Marcus Jarrell Willis, Dance
Finn Wittrock*, Theater
Chris Young*, Voice
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
YoungArts Gold Awards of $10,000 are created for finalists in Dance, Film & Video, Instrumental Classical Music, Jazz, Photography, Visual Arts, Voice and Writing.
Notable Winners
Siobhan Burke, Dance
David Aaron Carpenter*, Classical Music
Chanel DaSilva*, Dance
Pascal Le Boeuf, Jazz, Classical Music
Remy Le Boeuf, Jazz
Rachael Price, Voice
Joseph Wiggan*, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Notable Winners
Jon Batiste, Jazz
Sarah Daley, Dance
Maya Erskine, Theater
Jay Armstrong Johnson, Theater
Lucas Leyva, Film
Waldean Nelson, Dance
Nic Rouleau, Theater
Rebecca Sugar, Visual Arts
Maleek Washington, Dance
The first ARTS Educators Conference, today known as the Educator Experience, engages with arts educators across the U.S.
A record 160 artists attend YoungArts Week in celebration of the 25th anniversary.
The anniversary is further recognized by increasing monetary support for artists by 50%, totaling more than $525,000 in cash awards.
Notable Winners
Joseph Gorak, Dance
Lauren Post, Dance
Grace Weber*, Theater, Voice
Stephanie Williams, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Rehearsing a Dream, a documentary about YoungArts directed by Karen Goodman and Kirk Simon, is nominated for an Academy Award.
Notable Winners
Danielle Brooks, Theater
Griffith Frank, Theater
Kimiko Glenn, Theater
Jay Jackson*, Dance
Joaquina Kalukango, Theater
Lorely Rodriguez, Voice
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
Notable Winners
Grey Henson, Theater
James Allister Sprang, Visual Arts
I believe every experience with emotional investment changes us. So far YoungArts has changed the way I photograph, the way I talk to people and the way I view the world.
Notable Winners
Marcus Canty, Voice
Jeffrey Cirio, Dance
Kate Davis*, Jazz, Voice
Jazzmeia Horn, Voice
*U.S. Presidential Scholars in the Arts
2010s
Now, after YoungArts, I am the opposite of jaded. I have rediscovered dreams, have decided to eschew so-called “practicality,” and really, with all of my being, pursue art.
Watch the Season 1 Trailer for HBO MasterClass
The documentary series MasterClass premieres on HBO and runs for three seasons through 2014, spotlighting award winners across disciplines in master classes with esteemed guest artists such as playwright Edward Albee, dancer and choreographer Bill T. Jones and actor and director Liv Ullamnn.
Notable Winners
Jacquelin Harris, Dance
Colby Minifie, Theater
MJ Rodriguez, Voice
Ida Saki*, Dance
Max Schneider, Theater
Sarah Smith, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
Notable Winners
India Carney*, Voice, Theater
Ryan McCartan*, Theater
Ruby Spiegel, Writing
Conrad Tao*, Classical Music
Caleb Teicher, Dance
Cassandra Trenary, Dance
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
The organization changes its name from National Foundation for the Advancement of the Arts (NFAA) to National YoungArts Foundation (YoungArts).
YoungArts acquires the iconic former Bacardi buildings and surrounding grounds in Miami. Famed architect and guest artist Frank Gehry is enlisted to restore iconic spaces within the campus, including the YoungArts Jewel Box and Ted’s, a salon performance space on the seventh floor of the tower that today is also used for artist residencies, community gatherings and special events.
Notable Winners
Michelle Ang*, Theater
Harrison Coll, Dance
Brandon Flynn, Theater
Greg Lau, Dance
Da’Shawn Mosley*, Writing
Danica Paulos, Dance
Jaz Sinclair, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
Explore Regional Programs
Regional programs are launched in New York at Baryshnikov Arts Center and New York Live Arts, and in Miami with New World Center, Miami Theater Center and Miami City Ballet, to provide interdisciplinary mentorship and creative development opportunities to a greater number of award winners.
The regional program in Los Angeles launches the following year at Downtown Los Angeles Theater Center. Today, YoungArts Los Angeles is presented in partnership with UCLA’s Center for the Art of Performance.
YoungArts launches the Salon Series, with support from Knight Foundation, to bring together creative art luminaries and public audiences. Salon events go on to include Sibylle Szaggars Redford and Robert Redford, Justin Peck and Sufjan Stevens, Charles “Lil Buck” Riley, Edwidge Dandicat, Fab 5 Freddy and more.
Explore the Salon Series
Notable Winners
Timothee Chalamet, Theater
Miguel Luciano, Theater
Justice Smith, Theater
Demi Remick, Dance
Nina Grollman, Voice
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
Watch Demi Remick's performance at 2013 National YoungArts Week
YoungArts presents its inaugural Miami Art Week program to coincide with Art Basel Miami Beach on its new campus, A Portrait of Marina Abramović with the artist in collaboration with VisionaireFILM.
Since, memorable Miami Art Week presentations include James Blake and FKA twigs with III Points Music Festival; The Future Was Written by Daniel Arsham (1999 Visual Arts); installations by Isaac Julien and José Parlá in partnership Rolls-Royce; and award winner group exhibitions curated by Deana Haggag and Derrick Adams.
The Design Arts discipline is introduced to accept applications from artists in architecture, product, graphic, and fashion design. Today, YoungArts is one of the only organizations in the U.S. that supports artists across 10 disciplines.
The first-ever national YoungArts Awareness Day is launched to inspire young artists to apply to the organization’s signature arts competition. Today, this initiative occurs annually in September and continues as a participatory digital campaign that engages past award winners, guest artists, educators, donors and public audiences to share their stories and encourage aspiring artists to pursue their creative paths.
Notable Winners
Gaby Diaz, Dance
Isabella LaFreniere, Dance
Ricky Ubeda, Dance
Explore Outside the Box
YoungArts premieres Outside the Box, a new series featuring large-scale performances by award winners. Interdisciplinary, multi-sensory, site-specific and often immersive, events are free and open for all on the YoungArts Plaza.
The first edition, a family-friendly improvisational performance, features artist Dave Eggar (1987 Classical Music), Michele de la Reza (1987 Dance), Kate Davis (2009 Jazz & U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts), Ernest Baker (2009 Dance & U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts), Jake Goldbas (2007 Jazz), Andrew Nemr (1997 Dance), Brittanie Brown (2007 Dance & U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts) and Allysen Hooks (2006 Winner in Dance).
Desmond Richardson (1986 Dance & U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts) and his company Complexions Contemporary Ballet spend two weeks in residency at the campus’s newly renovated Jewel Box studio. They are preparing an original work by Complexions co-founder Dwight Rhoden to premiere at the company’s annual Joyce Theater Season in New York.
Explore Residencies
Over the years, YoungArts’ residency program evolves into a key pillar that includes fall and spring residency opportunities on the YoungArts campus, and partnerships at leading institutions around the country that meet artists’ needs where they are.
Watch Amanda Gorman's Reading at 2015 YoungArts Los Angeles
Notable Winners
King Princess, Voice
Quinn Sullivan, Voice
Llewellyn Sanchez-Werner, Classical Music
Amanda Gorman, Writing
YoungArts expands recruitment efforts from schools to include non-traditional classroom settings that reach educators in community centers, cultural institutions, teen programs and more. Kicking off this initiative, guest artist Derrick Adams offers a portfolio review session at Pioneer Works in Red Hook, Brooklyn.
Notable Winners
Ben Levi Ross*, Theater
Joe Serafini, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
YoungArts toasts 35 years with its inaugural New York Gala at The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
YoungArts commissions 15 interdisciplinary and multi-generational award winners to create five films that speak to the transformative power of creativity. Dubbed “Transformations”, topics in the film series range from identity and the environment to social justice and self-discovery.
In Process is introduced as a pilot program that invites two past award winners working in different disciplines to create new work on the YoungArts campus. With a focus on experimentation, no public presentation is required of the artists. This initiative is part of YoungArts’ effort to promote interdisciplinary collaboration, experimentation and creative development.
Notable Winners
Hunter Schafer, Design Arts
Roman Banks, Theater
*U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts
YoungArts launches Up Next professional development symposia for award winners in New York and Los Angeles. The programs go on to expand their reach as Up Next Focus and Up Next Skills.
The YoungArts Lin Arison Excellence in Writing Award is established. A $50,000 scholarship is given each year to a YoungArts winner in Writing, and may be applied against the cost of tuition, room and board to attend an accredited school of the artist’s choice. The inaugural recipient is Aidan Forster (2017, 2018 Writing & U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts).
YoungArts launches YoungArts Post, an online portal for award winners to connect, create and collaborate.
YoungArts Post
Sarah Arison is appointed Chair of the Board of Trustees of YoungArts
“I am honored and humbled to have been appointed Chair by the Board of Trustees,” said Sarah Arison. “YoungArts has always been a part of my life. My grandparents, Ted and Lin Arison, founded the organization nearly 40 years ago to help ensure that the artists of tomorrow would receive the validation, personal support and resources they need to pursue their passions.”
Sarah Arison is appointed Chair of the Board of Trustees of YoungArts
The Exhibition and Residency at Bay Parc, a rotating exhibition and residency initiative, provides three YoungArts award winners with resources and space to create a site-specific installation at Parc Space, a 500-square-foot gallery within Bay Parc Apartments. Participants include past award winners Nadia Wolff (2016 Design Arts, Visual Arts & a U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts), Lee Pivnik (2014 Visual Arts) and Patty Suau (2003 Visual Arts).
Explore Bay Parc
The YoungArts Campus, formerly the Bacardi Buildings Complex, is placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the U.S. Department of the Interior.
Five YoungArts award winners attend the prestigious Sundance Film Festival to participate in the Ignite program of activities for artists under the age of 25 years. Today the program continues through an open call process on YoungArts Post.
YoungArts expands its mission, signaling a shift to support award winners beyond their teenage years and at all career stages: YoungArts identifies the most accomplished young artists in the visual, literary and performing arts, and provides them with creative and professional development opportunities throughout their careers.
This mission underpins our vision to empower artists to pursue a life in the arts by providing award winners with space, funding, mentorship, professional development and community.
Excellence, collaboration, inclusivity, experimentation, respect and integrity are at the core of each of these concepts. Learn more about our values and commitment to inclusivity.
The YoungArts Jorge M. Pérez Award, funded by The Jorge M. Pérez Family Foundation at The Miami Foundation, is established to offer unrestricted grants for emerging and mid-career artists who are YoungArts award winners. The inaugural recipients are Kathia St. Hilaire (2013 Visual Arts) and Chat Travieso (2003 Visual Arts & U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts).
U.S. Presidential Scholars Foundation & Alumni Association turns 55 years, and the Presidential Scholars in the Arts program celebrates 40 years.
YoungArts board chair Sarah Arison accepts the Dr. Felice Kaufmann Award on behalf of her grandmother, Lin Arison; and trustee emeritus, choreographer and YoungArts award winner Desmond Richardson (1986 Dance & U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts) is named a Rosey Thompson honoree.
2020s
Academy of American Poets, Artadia, Creative Capital, Foundation for Contemporary Arts, MAP Fund, United States Artists and YoungArts launch Artist Relief to spearhead a $10 million relief campaign for artists in the U.S. affected by COVID-19. In total, Artist Relief distributes close to $23.4 million in emergency grants to 4,680 artists with $5,000 emergency relief grants over 15 months.
YoungArts additionally introduces Artist Emergency Microgrants for YoungArts award winners. The emergency microgrants program expands and is extended to offer support to guest artists and panelists.
YoungArts launches an all-virtual national outreach initiative to engage educators and recruit young artists for the organization’s signature competition. Despite conditions caused by the pandemic, more than 7,000 artists apply and 687 winners are awarded from 38 states, Puerto Rico and three foreign countries.
YoungArts hosts the first virtual National YoungArts Week + to prioritize young artists’ safety while providing meaningful opportunities for connection, mentorship and creative development.
The program’s annual Educator Experience and a new Family Orientation initiative are introduced virtually.
Watch the 2021 National YoungArts Week + Compilation
National YoungArts Foundation officially changes its name to YoungArts to underline the critical juncture when award winners are inducted into a lifelong community of support.
Watch the Evolution of YoungArts Logos
“The [creative identity] update also introduces a new official name, YoungArts, shortened from National YoungArts Foundation. The logo is accompanied by a new tagline—The National Foundation for the Advancement of Artists—that evokes the former name and makes it clear the organization is about artists and the people who make art.” – Paula Scher, Pentagram